I-Optometry ayilingani nemithi yesibuko
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-optometry imane nje "ihlola izinga lokubona eduze" nokuthi uma sebethole lo mphumela, bangaqhubeka nokufaka izibuko zamehlo. Kodwa-ke, i-optometry prescription iwumphumela wokulinganisa kuphela isimo sokubona kwamehlo omuntu, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi akuyona ngempela i-prescription engcono kakhulu yezibuko. I-Optometry kanye nokufaka izibuko zamehlo kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zenqubo ephelele, futhi uma kwenziwa ngokwehlukana, kungavela izinkinga.
Ukukhetha ozimele bezibuko zamehlo kuwumsebenzi wobuchwepheshe.
Esikhathini esiningi, amakhasimende acabanga kuphela "ngenani lobuhle" lapho ekhetha ozimele bezibuko zamehlo. Uma ozimele bezibuko zamehlo bekuyinto nje yemfashini njengezingubo, bekuyoqondakala. Kodwa-ke, ozimele bezibuko zamehlo nabo bathwala umthwalo wokulungisa amaphutha okubuka. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kobuhle, okungenani izici ezintathu kufanele zicatshangelwe:
1. Usayizi wohlaka
Abanye abantu banezindlebe ezibekwe phambili, kanti abanye banezindlebe ezibekwe ngemuva. Ubude obukhethiwe bamathempeli (izingalo) zezibuko zamehlo buzohluka ngokufanele. Uma amathempeli amade kakhulu noma amafushane kakhulu, kungathinta ukuthambekela kwe-pantoscopic kanye nebanga le-vertex lezibuko. Nakuba amawebhusayithi amaningi okuthenga ku-inthanethi enikeza ubukhulu bezibuko, kunzima ukukhetha uhlaka olufanelana kahle ngaphandle kokulizama mathupha.
2. Udokotela ofanele ukufaka izibuko zamehlo
Imithi yokuhlolwa kwamehlo kanye nokukhetha ozimele bezibuko zamehlo kuhlobene kakhulu. Isibonelo, kubantu abanamaphutha aphezulu okubuka, uma bekhetha ozimele abakhulu, ngeke nje kuphela ukuthi amalensi abe makhulu futhi asinda, kodwa futhi kuzoba nzima ukuvumelanisa isikhungo sokukhanya samalensi nesikhungo sezibuko. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni ezingavamile lapho izinkophe zithintana namalensi lapho zicwayiza.
3. Sebenzisa isigcawu kanye nenhloso
Ukukhethwa kwamafreyimu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezidingo ezahlukene. Kubantu abenza imisebenzi evamile yomzimba, amafreyimu anezibambo zangaphakathi kanye nezingalo zethempeli ezigobile ukuze zilingane kahle ayanconywa. Kulabo abasebenza edeskini isikhathi eside, amafreyimu anezimbobo zekhala ezingasheleli kanye namarimu e-lens aphezulu ayafaneleka. Ngesikhathi ushayela, amafreyimu anombono obanzi ongaphandle ayathandwa, kanti amafreyimu amancane anganikeza umbono omuhle kakhulu ongaphandle.
Zonke lezi zinto zidinga ukuthi udokotela wamehlo ochwepheshe azicabangele. Ukufaneleka kwamafreyimu anesitayela kungatholakala kuphela ngokuguguleka kwangempela, okuqinisekisa ukuthi imingcele ihambisana ngokufanele.
Izinkinga ezivela kumapharamitha angalingani
Ngaphandle kokuzama nokulinganisa idatha yangempela yokulingana kwamafreyimu amakhulu, kungaholela ezinkingeni ngokungalingani kwebanga le-pupillary (PD). Ukugqoka izibuko isikhathi eside nge-PD enganembile kungabangela imiphumela ye-prism, okubangela ukukhathala kwamehlo nokusheshisa ukuqhubeka kwe-myopia.
Ibanga le-pupillary (PD) yibanga eliphakathi kwamehlo. Uma kufakwa izibuko, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokulinganisa i-PD: ibanga i-PD kanye ne-PD eseduze. Ibanga i-PD libhekisela ekulinganisweni okuthathwa lapho umuntu egxile ekuhlosweni okukude (okungukuthi, ibanga eliphakathi kwezikhungo zabafundi lapho amehlo womabili ebheke phambili ebangeni). I-PD eseduze (NCD) ukulinganiswa kwebanga eliphakathi kwezikhungo zabafundi lapho besebenza eduze.
Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela udaba lokuphakama kwe-puppy uma kukhulunywa ngezibuko ezinkulu kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuphakama kwe-puppy kwamehlo womabili kungenzeka kungabi sezingeni elifanayo. Odokotela bamehlo abanolwazi bazosebenzisa indlela yokubonisa i-cornea ukuze banqume indawo eqondile yokuphakama kwe-puppy. Ukubekezelelana ohlangothini oluqondile lwamehlo omuntu kuyazwela kakhulu. Uma ukuphakama kwe-optical center kwamalensi enziwe kahle kungahambisani nokuphakama kwe-puppy, kungabangela imiphumela ye-prism futhi kuholele ekukhathaleni kwamehlo.
Ukunemba Kwe-Optometry
01Ngenxa yezici ezifana nesimo se-optometry kanye nobude besikhathi sokugqoka amalensi okuhlola, kungase kube nokushintshashintsha kwemiphumela ye-optometry. Isibonelo, kungaba nomehluko phakathi kwe-optometry eyenziwa ekuseni nantambama. Ngokuvamile, umuthi kadokotela ntambama ungase ube phezulu kancane kunasekuseni ngenxa yokukhathala kokubona okuqongelelwe usuku lonke. Lapho ukhetha isikhungo se-optometry, kubalulekile ukukhetha isikhungo sobungcweti nesihloniphekile ukuqinisekisa imiphumela ye-optometry enembile nethembekile.
02Ukunemba kwemithi kadokotela kungahluka ngeso ngalinye. Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-optometry, i-optometry yekhompyutha ingasebenza njengereferensi, kodwa akufanele ibhekwe njengemithi yokugcina yezibuko. Udokotela wamehlo udinga ukubuza ngokuningiliziwe ngenduduzo yomuntu ogqokile futhi aqinisekise njalo futhi alinganise amandla ayindilinga (ukubona eduze, ukubona kude) kanye ne-cylindrical (i-astigmatism) ukuze athole ibhalansi engcono kakhulu futhi alungise i-axis ye-astigmatism.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezifo Zamehlo Nokuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kokubona
Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kochwepheshe kuhilela okungaphezu nje kokunikeza imithi yokwelapha ukubona eduze kanye nokuhlola kude. Kuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa okubalulekile okungenakuqhutshwa ku-inthanethi:
① Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kokuqala: Ukuze kunqunywe izifo zamehlo.
② Ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yokubona: Ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yokubona enezinga ezintathu kanye nokuhlolwa kokuhambisana kwamehlo kanye nokuhlangana kwawo.
③ I-Ergonomics yokufakwa kwezibuko zamehlo: Ukuthambekela kwe-Pantoscopic, ibanga le-vertex, kanye nendawo ephakathi nendawo ye-optical.
Ukulinganisa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso kudinga ukunquma le miphumela yokuhlolwa.
Idatha Ethinta Imiphumela Yokufaka
Idatha yokufakwa kwezibuko zamehlo ku-inthanethi ngokuyinhloko inikeza ulwazi ngamaphutha okukhanya (ukubona eduze, ukubona kude) kanye nebanga lezingane, okubalulekile ekufakweni kwezibuko. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izinto eziningi zedatha ezingathinta imiphumela yokufakwa, njengendawo yamehlo, indawo yendlebe, ibanga le-vertex, ukuthambekela kwe-pantoscopic, kanye nendawo yesikhungo se-optical.
Ngaphezu kwedatha engenhla, ngisho nosayizi wohlaka ungathinta kakhulu imiphumela yokufakwa. Ukugqoka izibuko ezinkulu kakhulu kungaholela ekushintsheni kwe-chromatic kanye nemiphumela ye-prism. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi nge-myopia ephezulu, njengoba ozimele abakhulu kakhulu bangabangela imiphetho yelensi ejiyile, kunciphise izinzuzo zamalensi anenkomba ephezulu futhi kubangele amazinga aphezulu emiphumela ye-prism, okuholela enkingeni. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha ozimele, kubalulekile ukukhetha ozimele abanemingcele efanelekile ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa yokufakwa nokufakwa kwesilingo, kunokugxila kuphela esitayeleni.
Izindinganiso Zekhwalithi kanye Nokulungiswa Ngemva Kokufakwa
Ekufakeni izibuko zamehlo ku-inthanethi, lapho ikhasimende selithole izibuko ekugcineni, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa induduzo yokuzigqoka nokuhlola kabusha umuthi kadokotela. Ukulungiswa kwama-nose pad, amathempeli, njll., kufanele kwenziwe ngokusekelwe ekubonisaneni ubuso nobuso. Nakuba izibuko zingase zibonakale zilula, ngisho namaphutha amancane angenza zingakhululeki ukuzigqoka futhi ziphazamise ikhwalithi yokubona. Umehluko kudatha ungakhulisa ukukhathala kokubona futhi wenze kube kubi nakakhulu ubukhali bokubona.
Ekuphetheni
Izibuko ezifanelekile azisizi nje kuphela abantu ukuthi basebenze futhi bafunde kangcono kodwa futhi ziqinisekisa impilo yokubona. Ukufakwa kwezibuko zamehlo ku-inthanethi kunikeza izinzuzo ezifana nokungabizi, izitayela ezahlukahlukene, kanye nenqubo elula. Kodwa-ke, akumelwe sikhohlwe inhloso yokuqala yokufaka izibuko. Izibuko ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso zempilo yamehlo kuphela esizifisayo ngempela.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 15-2023