Uma isimo sezulu sishisa, abantu abaningi bakhetha ukugqoka izibuko zelanga ukuze bavikele amehlo abo. Izibuko zelanga ezivamile zihlukaniswe zibe ezinombala kanye nezinombala. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abathengi noma amabhizinisi, izibuko zelanga ezinombala azivamile.
Incazelo Yokuhlukaniswa Kwezimo
I-Polarization, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukukhanya okuhlanganisiwe, ibhekisela ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo njengegagasi eliphambene, kanye nesiqondiso salo sokudlidliza esiqonde ngqo endleleni yokusabalala. Isiqondiso sokudlidliza sokukhanya kwemvelo sixhomeke endaweni eqondile endleleni yokusabalala; ekukhanyeni okuhlanganisiwe, isiqondiso salo sokudlidliza sinqunyelwe endleleni ethile ngesikhathi esithile.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Polarization
I-Polarization ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: i-linear polarization, i-elliptical polarization, kanye ne-circular polarization. Ngokuvamile, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-polarization kubhekisela ku-linear polarization, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-plane polarization. Ukudlidliza kwalolu hlobo lwegagasi lokukhanya kugxilile ohlangothini oluthile futhi kuhlala kungashintshi. Indlela yayo yokusabalala emkhathini ilandela ijika le-sinusoidal, futhi ukubonakala kwayo endizeni kuqonde ohlangothini lokusabalala kungumugqa oqondile.
Indiza eyakhiwe yisiqondiso sokudlidliza sokukhanya okuqondile okunezingqimba kanye nesiqondiso sokusakazeka ibizwa ngokuthi indiza yokudlidliza, kanti indiza eqondile esiqondiso sokudlidliza futhi equkethe isiqondiso sokusakazeka ibizwa ngokuthi indiza yokudlidliza. Ukudlulisa ukukhanya kwemvelo nge-polarizer kungakhiqiza ukukhanya okuqondile okunezingqimba.
Umsebenzi Wokuhlukaniswa Kwezinzwa
Empilweni yansuku zonke, kunemithombo eminingi yokukhanya ekhiqiza ukukhanya okulimazayo, ikakhulukazi ukukhanya kwelanga. Ukukhanya kwelanga kukhipha izinhlobo ezintathu zokukhanya: ukukhanya okubonakalayo, ukukhanya kwe-infrared, kanye nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV). Phakathi kwalokhu, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu esikhumbeni nasemahlweni. Ukukhanya okubonakalayo kusuka kuma-nanometer angu-380 kuya kwangu-780, kuyilapho ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kuhlukaniswe kabanzi ngama-UVA, UVB, kanye ne-UVC, ngamaza angaphezu kuka-310nm. I-UVA, i-UVB, kanye ne-UVC kuyimisebe eyingozi. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kulemisebe kungabangela umonakalo emzimbeni. I-UVB inomthelela omkhulu ekuboneni, futhi futhi "yimisebe ye-tanning" eyenza isikhumba sibe mnyama. Iningi lamakhona eliso limunca lolu hlobo lokukhanya kwe-UVB, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuvimba lo mthombo wokukhanya.
Amalensi ahlanganisiwezinomsebenzi wokukhanya okupholishayo, okuzivumela ukuthi zivimbele ukukhanya okulimazayo ngaphandle kokuthinta ukudluliselwa kokukhanya okubonakalayo, ngaleyo ndlela zivikele amehlo. Ngaphezu komsebenzi oyisisekelo wokuvikela i-UV, amalensi apholishayo aphinde abe nemisebenzi yokuphambukisa ukukhanya, ukubonakaliswa komgwaqo, kanye nokuphambukisa kwamanzi, okwenza afanelekele ukushayela, ukudoba, ukuhamba, kanye nokugqoka nsuku zonke.
Ukukhiqizwa Kwamalensi Ahlanganisiwe
Ngokwemibono yabantu abavamile,amalensi ahlanganisiweKwababona eduze banesakhiwo esifana nesangweji (esakhiwe ungqimba lwangaphambili lwezibuko zelanga, ungqimba oluphakathi lwemicu egobile, kanye nongqimba lwangemuva lwamalensi abona eduze, konke kuhlanganiswe ndawonye). Izinto zelensi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zinenkomba yokukhanya engu-1.50 (kukhona futhi no-1.60, kodwa zibiza kakhulu). Amalensi aqinile futhi asindayo, futhi uma umuthi kadokotela udlula u-600°, kokubili ubuhle kanye nenduduzo kuzothinteka kakhulu. Uhla lwamanani lwamalensi agobile obona eduze lubanzi kakhulu futhi luncike ekuzinzeni kwenqubo yomkhiqizi kanye nekhwalithi.
Amalensi acwebezelayo ayasiza ekuhlungeni ukukhanya okuhlakazekile (njengomphumela we-grating wama-blinds), kodwa kunomehluko omkhulu ekhwalithini. Amalensi acwebezelayo acwebezelayo asezingeni eliphansi avame ukuqhekeka futhi aqhekeke, futhi amaningi awahlangabezani nezindinganiso zokukhanya.
Izinto Zokwenza Amalensi Ahlanganisiwe
Kunezinhlobo ezine ezivamile ze-amalensi ahlanganisiweemakethe: amalensi engilazi, amalensi e-resin, amalensi e-PC, kanye namalensi e-TAC.
① Amalensi engilazi
Nakuba zingaklwebheki futhi zisebenza kahle ekukhanyeni, izinkinga zazo zesisindo kanye nokuphepha ziholele ekunciphiseni kancane kancane ukusetshenziswa kwazo.
② Amalensi e-resin
Kulula ukuyifaka umbala, ilula, futhi ayithinteki, okwenza ibe ngenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezibukweni zelanga ezidumile. Kodwa-ke, amalensi e-resin athambekele ekuqhekekeni ngesikhathi senqubo yokugoba, futhi asengadala izingozi zokuphepha uma ethinteka kakhulu.
③ Amalensi e-TAC
I-TAC ingenye yezinto ezibonakalayo ezinama-molecule amaningi. Amalensi e-TAC njengezibuko zelanga anezici ezifana nokumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali, alula, kanye nokusebenza kahle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, amalensi e-TAC anokumelana nokuguguleka okubi kanye nezici zokukhanya ezingazinzile. Naphezu kwentengo yawo ephansi, aye ashiywa yiningi lemikhiqizo yangaphandle eyaziwayo.
④ Amalensi e-PC
Zilula, zisebenza kahle ekushintsheni umbala, futhi zinamandla okumelana nokushaqeka, okwenza zibize kakhulu.
Amalensi e-PC anqoba izinkinga zokucindezeleka okuyisiyingi kanye ne-astigmatism ezibangelwa ukuguquka kwamalensi endabuko e-TAC ngemva kokufakwa kufreyimu. Anamandla okumelana nomthelela (okuphindwe ka-60 kunamalensi engilazi, okuphindwe ka-20 kunamalensi e-TAC, kanye nokuphindwe ka-10 kunamalensi e-resin) futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ezindizayo nasemasimini ezempi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amalensi e-PC alula, njengoba elula ngo-37% kunamalensi e-resin avamile.
Umehluko PhakathiAmalensi ahlanganisiweNamalensi Anombala
Amalensi anombala asebenzisa umsebenzi wokunciphisa ukukhanya kuphela, futhi awakwazi ukuhlunga ukukhanya. Anganciphisa kuphela amandla okukhanya okukhanyayo, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, njll., futhi awakwazi ukuvimba ngokuphelele le misebe yokukhanya eyingozi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokukhanya okuncishisiwe, kuthinta ukudluliselwa kwamalensi, okubeka ingozi yokuphepha kwabagqokile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-29-2023