I-Astigmatism yisifo samehlo esivame kakhulu, esivame ukubangelwa ukugoba kwe-cornea. I-Astigmatism yakhiwa kakhulu ngokuzalwa, futhi kwezinye izimo, i-astigmatism ingase ivele uma i-chalazion yesikhathi eside icindezela inhlamvu yeso isikhathi eside. I-Astigmatism, njenge-myopia, ayinakuguqulwa. Ngokuvamile, i-astigmatism engaphezu kwama-degree angu-300 ibizwa ngokuthi i-astigmatism ephezulu.
Kunezinkinga eziningi ezihlobene nezibuko ze-astigmatism eziphezulu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nasebasha. Emsebenzini wangempela, odokotela bethu bamehlo bavame ukuhlangana nabantu abane-astigmatism ephezulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha amalensi namafreyimu afanele.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-astigmatism ne-myopia
Ukuma kwe-cornea akujwayelekile, akusiyindilinga kodwa kuyi-ellipsoidal. Amandla okubuyisa ohlangothini oluqondile kanye nohlangothi oluvundlile ahlukile. Ngenxa yalokho, ngemva kokuba ukukhanya kwangaphandle kubuyiselwe emuva yi-cornea, ayikwazi ukwakha ukugxila lapho ingena ngaphakathi kweso. Esikhundleni salokho, yakha umugqa oqondile, okwenza i-retina ibe mfushane. Ukuvela kufiphele, okubangela ukulahlekelwa umbono. Izinkinga nge-astigmatism, ikakhulukazi i-astigmatism encane, kungenzeka zingabi nomthelela omkhulu ekuboneni, kodwa amazinga aphezulu e-astigmatism ngokuqinisekile azoba nomthelela ekuboneni.
I-Myopia yenzeka lapho ukukhanya kwangaphandle okuhambisanayo kungena enhlamvini yeso futhi kuphazanyiswa uhlelo lokukhanya lweso. Ukugxila kwesithombe akukwazi ukuwela ku-retina, okubangela inkinga yokungaboni kahle kude. Kukhona umehluko obalulekile ekuthathweni kwezithombe ze-myopia kanye ne-astigmatism, futhi kuhlukile kakhulu enkambisweni yangempela yokubona. Abantu abaningi abanakho ukuqonda okwanele ngalokhu, okubangela ukudideka.
Kunenani elincane leziguli ezine-astigmatism elula, futhi iningi lazo line-astigmatism eseduze noma i-astigmatism ekude. Enkambisweni ye-optometry, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza ukulungiswa kwemithi kadokotela ngokusekelwe ekuhlukaniseni kwesithombe phakathi kwe-astigmatism kanye ne-myopia.
Incazelo kanye nokubonakaliswa kwe-astigmatism ephezulu
Ubukhali be-astigmatism buhlukaniswe ngokwezinga. I-Astigmatism engaphansi kwama-degrees angu-150 iyi-astigmatism emnene, i-astigmatism ephakathi kwama-degrees angu-150 nama-300 iyi-astigmatism elinganiselayo, kanti i-astigmatism engaphezu kwama-degrees angu-300 iyi-astigmatism ephezulu. I-astigmatism ephezulu ingadala umonakalo omkhulu emehlweni ethu:
1. Kubangela ikhanda elibuhlungu, amehlo abuhlungu, njll.: I-astigmatism ephezulu ngaphandle kokulungiswa cishe ingabangela ikhanda elibuhlungu, amehlo abuhlungu, njll. Kungaholela kalula ekumeni okubi njengokuthambekela kwekhanda. Ngakho-ke, labo abane-astigmatism enzima kumele balungiswe.
2. Ukukhathala kokubona: Ngenxa yamandla ahlukene okugqama kokukhanya kwe-meridian ngayinye, i-astigmatism ayikwazi ukwakha ukugxila lapho iphinda ukukhanya okuhambisanayo, kodwa imigqa emibili egxile, ngakho-ke ubuchopho buthambekele ekuchazeni izinto ngokukhetha. Ukuze kubonakale indawo ngokucacile, i-astigmatism kufanele ilungiswe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe usayizi wesiyingi sokusabalala ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yesithombe. I-astigmatism ephezulu, uma ingalungiswanga kahle noma ngaphandle kwezibuko, ingabangela kalula ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala kokubona nezinye izimpawu, okwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa ukukhathala kokubona.
3. Ukubona okufiphele kwezinto eziseduze nezikude: Abantu abane-astigmatism enzima babhekana nombono ofiphele wezinto ezikude neziseduze. Iziguli zivame ukuba nomkhuba wokuvala amehlo azo kancane bese zibhekabheka zibe yizikhala ukuze zibone izinto ngokucacile.
4. Ukulahlekelwa umbono: Emehlweni angabonakali, okuqondiwe okubonakalayo okukude nomugqa oqondile we-retina kuzoba nombala okhanyayo, imiphetho izofiphala, futhi kuzoba nzima ukukubona. Umbono uzoncipha, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuzovela ukubona okuphindwe kabili. Ngaphezu kwe-astigmatism yemvelo, zonke izinhlobo ze-astigmatism zingabangela kalula ukulahlekelwa umbono.
5. Ukucindezeleka enhlamvini yeso: I-Astigmatism ngokuvamile ilungiswa ngezibuko ezivamile noma ama-contact lens. Uma ukulimala kanye ne-chalazion ezinhlamvini zeso kungelashwa ngesikhathi, kuzocindezela inhlamvu yeso isikhathi eside futhi kubangele i-astigmatism. Kwezinye izimo, i-astigmatism ingahlanganiswa ne-pseudomyopia. Qaphela ukuthi ingxenye ye-pseudomyopia idinga ukususwa, futhi i-astigmatism ingalungiswa ngezibuko.
6. I-Amblyopia: Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kwi-astigmatism ephezulu, ikakhulukazi i-hyperopic astigmatism. Ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ukubona kude naseduze ngokucacile, futhi umbono awukwazi ukusetshenziswa, i-amblyopia ivame ukwenzeka, bese kuba ne-strabismus.
Izibuko ezibonakala zingenasici kakhulu
Amalensi aqinile kakhulu kunzima ukuwakha ngenxa yamandla awo ajulile. Ngakho-ke, i-astigmatism ephezulu ngokuvamile ingafakelwa amalensi e-resin index ephezulu yokugqama kanye nemiklamo ye-aspherical, ukuze angabonakali ebanzi kakhulu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amalensi ane-astigmatism ephezulu ngokuvamile ayichungechunge lwamalensi enziwe ngokwezifiso. Uma i-astigmatism iphakeme, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuyenza ngokwezifiso, futhi kudingeka kuklanywe amapharamitha ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuze kube ne-astigmatism ephezulu kakhulu, amapharamitha ozimele nawo kudingeka anikezwe ukusiza ngokuklama amalensi.
Uma ukhetha ozimele, udinga futhi ukucabangela izici ezikhethekile ze-astigmatism ephezulu kakhulu. Njengoba ubukhulu bomphetho wamalensi e-astigmatism buhluka kakhulu, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu lapho ukhetha ozimele. Khetha ozimele be-titanium noma be-alloy be-titanium obumsulwa obunobubanzi obuncane obuphambeneyo kanye nokuqina kwezinto eziqinile. Ungakhetha futhi ozimele be-acetate fiber noma be-plate abanokuncipha okuhle. linda.
Akunconywa ukukhetha ozimele abangenafreyimu noma abayingxenye yohlaka. Kungcono ukukhetha ozimele abagcwele. Lapho ucubungula futhi ukhiqiza, naka kakhulu inkinga yokuphambuka kwelensi okushintsha i-axis ye-astigmatism yelensi ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obungafanele bokufaka kanye nemishini ezinzile.
Indlela yokukhetha ozimele abanamandla kakhulu:
A. Nikeza kuqala izinto ezilula
Isisindo sezinto zohlaka singenye yezinto ezithinta isisindo sezibuko. Kubantu abane-myopia ephezulu, lapho ukhetha ozimele, unganaka kakhulu izinto ezifana ne-titanium emsulwa, i-tungsten carbon, amashidi amancane, kanye ne-TR90. Ozimele abenziwe ngalezi zinto ngokuvamile balula futhi kulula ukuzigqoka. Bakhululekile kakhulu, baqinile futhi abaguquguquki kalula.
B. Uhlaka oluphelele> Uhlaka oluyisigamu> Uhlaka olungenafreyimu
I-astigmatism ephezulu ngokuvamile inamalensi ajiyile, futhi ozimele abangenama-rim kanye nabangenama-semi-rim bazoveza amalensi, okungagcini nje ngokuphazamisa ukubukeka, kodwa futhi kwenza kube lula ukuguquguquka kwama-frame, okubangela ushintsho ebangeni eliphakathi lezibuko kanye ne-axis ye-astigmatism yamalensi, okuthinta umphumela wokulungisa. Abantu abane-astigmatism ephezulu bangcono ukukhetha ozimele abane-full frame.
C. Uhlaka olukhulu aluyona inketho enhle
Abantu abagqoka izibuko ezinkulu isikhathi eside bangase babone ukwehla kombono kanye nokuncipha kombono. Ukuzigqoka isikhathi eside kungabangela isiyezi kanye nesiyezi. Izibuko ezinkulu ngokuvamile zinzima futhi azifanele abantu abane-myopia ephezulu. Ukuzigqoka isikhathi eside kuzobeka ingcindezi enkulu ekhaleni, okungase kuholele kalula ekuguqukeni kwebhuloho lekhala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kunezindlela eziningi ezibalulekile zokuhlola amehlo nezibuko, njenge-diopter kanye nebanga eliphakathi kwamehlo. Uma ugqoka izibuko ezinkulu, kufanele unake kakhulu ukuthi iphuzu lebanga elihambisana nesikhungo samalensi amabili lihambisana yini nendawo yebanga le-pupil yeso lakho. Uma kukhona ukuphambuka, noma ngabe ukunikezwa kwezibuko kulungile, uzozizwa ungakhululekile ngemva kokugqoka izibuko. Zama ukukhetha uhlaka olunobubanzi obuncane besibuko, bese uzama ukugcina ukuphakama okuphezulu nokuphansi kuncane, ukuze induduzo inganciphi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwe-peripheral.
D. Khetha uhlaka olunebanga eliseduze kakhulu phakathi kwezibuko zamehlo.
Ibanga leso neso libhekisela ebangeni eliphakathi kwe-vertex yangemuva yelensi kanye ne-vertex yangaphambili ye-cornea. Amalensi okulungisa i-Astigmatism angamalensi asindilinga. Uma ibanga leso neso likhuphuka, amandla okubuyisa asebenzayo azokwehla (uma izinga liphezulu, kulapho ukwehla kukhulu), futhi umbono olungisiwe nawo uzokwehla. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezibuko zamehlo zezibuko ezi-astigmatic kakhulu kufanele libe lincane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokuphathelene nokukhethwa kwesitayela sefreyimu kanye nokulungiswa kwefreyimu, kufanele uzame ukukhetha ama-nose pad noma amalensi anebanga eliseduze kakhulu phakathi kwezibuko zamehlo.
E. Ungakhethi ozimele abanezithempeli ezincane kakhulu
Uma amathempeli emancane kakhulu, amandla angaphambili nangemuva kohlaka ngeke alingane, okwenza kube lula ukuthi uhlaka lube nzima kakhulu futhi lubeke isisindo esiningi ebhulohweni lekhala, okubangela ukuthi izibuko zishelele phansi kalula futhi kuthinte induduzo yokugqokwa. Uma une-astigmatism (ikakhulukazi labo abane-astigmatism ephakathi kuya kwephezulu), lapho ukhetha izibuko, kufanele ukhethe izinhlaka ezifanele ibanga eliphakathi kwabafundi.
Ithonya le-astigmatism axis position ezingilazini
Ububanzi be-axis ye-astigmatism bungama-degree angu-1-180. Ngizogxila ekukhetheni ozimele be-axis ye-astigmatism engu-180 no-90.
Okokuqala sidinga ukwazi ukuthi i-axis ye-astigmatism iku-180°, bese ubukhulu buku-90° (isiqondiso esiqondile). Ngakho-ke, ukuphakama kohlaka lohlaka esilukhethayo akumelwe kube phezulu. Uma sikhetha uhlaka olunohlaka oluphansi, ubukhulu ohlangothini oluqondile buzoguga, futhi amalensi avelayo azoba lula futhi abe mancane ngokwemvelo. (Uma uhlaka luphakeme, luzoba yindilinga ngokwemvelo; uma uhlaka luphansi, luzoba yisikwele ngokwemvelo.)
Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma isikhundla se-axis singama-90, ukujiya kuzoba ngu-180 (isiqondiso esivundlile). Ngokuvamile ingxenye yethu ejiyile kakhulu ingaphandle, kanti ukujiya kwe-astigmatism kwengezwa ngaphandle, ngakho ukujiya kuyaqiswa. Ngakho-ke, uhlaka ludinga ukuba luncane futhi lube luncane, okungukuthi, uma isamba sobubanzi belensi + ububanzi bomsebe ophakathi sisondelene nebanga lakho le-interpupillary, kuzoba luncane kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha ilensi yenkomba ephezulu ukuze wenze ukujiya kungabonakali kakhulu.
Ekufakeni izibuko, "induduzo" kanye "nokucaca" kuvame ukuphikisana futhi kunzima ukukuvumelanisa. Lokhu kungqubuzana kusobala nakakhulu ezingilazini ezine-astigmatism. Ukucaca kudinga ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, kodwa induduzo akusho ukuthi kucacile. Isibonelo, ukungagqoki izibuko kuyinto ekhululekile kakhulu, kodwa akucaci neze.
Izibuko ezine-astigmatism ephezulu ziyazwela kakhulu futhi zidinga ukucatshangelwa okunembe kakhudlwana ku-optometry kanye ne-prescription. Uma ubhekene ne-astigmatism ephezulu, kufanele unake ukuhambisana kohlaka/ilensi ne-astigmatism degree kanye ne-axis position ukuze ugweme izikhalazo zamakhasimende kanye nokungakhululeki ngenxa yezinkinga zomkhiqizo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-17-2023