I-Astigmatism yisifo samehlo esivame kakhulu, ngokuvamile esibangelwa ukugoba kwe-cornea.I-Astigmatism yakhiwa kakhulu ngokuzalwa, futhi kwezinye izimo, i-astigmatism ingase yenzeke uma i-chalazion yesikhathi eside icindezela i-eyeball isikhathi eside.I-Astigmatism, njenge-myopia, ayinakuguqulwa.Ngokuvamile, i-astigmatism engaphezu kuka-300 degrees ibizwa ngokuthi i-astigmatism ephezulu.
Kunezinkinga eziningi ezihlobene nezibuko eziphakeme ze-astigmatism, ikakhulukazi izingane kanye nentsha.Emsebenzini wangempela, odokotela bethu bamehlo bavame ukuhlangana nabantu abane-astigmatism ephezulu.Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha ama-lens afanelekile namafreyimu.
Umehluko wokucabanga phakathi kwe-astigmatism ne-myopia
Ukuma kwe-cornea akujwayelekile, akusiyindilinga kodwa kuyi-ellipsoidal.Amandla e-refractive ekuqondeni mpo kanye nesiqondiso esivundlile ahlukile.Ngenxa yalokho, ngemva kokuba ukukhanya kwangaphandle kuhlanjululwe yi-cornea, akukwazi ukwenza ukugxila lapho kungena ngaphakathi kwamehlo.Esikhundleni salokho, yenza umugqa ogxile, obangela i-retina ukuthi I-projection ifiphale, ibangele ukulahlekelwa ukubona.Izinkinga nge-astigmatism, ikakhulukazi i-astigmatism emnene, zingase zingabi nomthelela omkhulu embonweni, kodwa amazinga aphezulu e-astigmatism azoba nomthelela embonweni.
I-Myopia yenzeka lapho ukukhanya kwangaphandle okuhambisanayo kungena ebholeni leso futhi kunqanyulwe uhlelo lweso lokubuka.Ukugxila kwesithombe akukwazi ukuwela ku-retina, okubangela inkinga yokungaboni kahle kude.Kunomehluko obalulekile ekucabangeni kwe-myopia kanye ne-astigmatism, futhi zihluke kakhulu enqubweni yangempela yokubuka.Abantu abaningi abanakho ukuqonda okwanele ngalokhu, okubangela ukudideka.
Kunenani elincane leziguli ezine-astigmatism elula, futhi iningi lazo line-astigmatism eseduze noma i-astigmatism ekude.Enqubweni ye-optometry, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza izilungiso zikadokotela ngokusekelwe kumehluko wokucabanga phakathi kwe-astigmatism ne-myopia.
Incazelo kanye nokubonakaliswa kwe-astigmatism ephezulu
Ubukhulu be-astigmatism buhlukaniswa ngokwezinga.I-Astigmatism engaphansi kuka-150 degrees i-astigmatism ethambile, i-astigmatism ephakathi kuka-150 no-300 degrees i-astigmatism emaphakathi, kanti i-astigmatism engaphezu kuka-300 degrees i-astigmatism ephezulu.I-astigmatism ephezulu ingadala ukulimala okuningi emehlweni ethu:
1. Imbangela ubuhlungu bekhanda, amehlo abuhlungu, njll.: I-astigmatism ephezulu ngaphandle kokulungiswa kungenzeka ibangele ubuhlungu bekhanda, amehlo abuhlungu, njll. Ingase futhi iholele kalula ekumeni okubi njengokutshekisa ikhanda.Ngakho-ke, labo abane-astigmatism enzima kufanele balungiswe.
2. Ukukhathala okubukwayo: Ngenxa yamandla ahlukene aphikisayo e-meridian ngayinye, i-astigmatism ayikwazi ukwakha ukugxila lapho iphinda iphinda ukukhanya okuhambisanayo, kodwa imigqa emibili egxile, ngakho ubuchopho buthambekele ekuchazeni izinto ezikhethiwe.Ukuze ubone indawo kahle ngokuqhathaniswa, i-astigmatism kufanele ilungiswe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe usayizi wesiyingi sokusabalalisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yesithombe.I-astigmatism ephezulu, uma ingalungiswa kahle noma ngaphandle kwezibuko, ingabangela kalula ikhanda, ukukhathala okubukwayo nezinye izimpawu, okwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa ukukhathala okubukwayo..
3. Ukubona okufiphele kwezinto eziseduze nezikude: Abantu abane-astigmatism eqinile bathola ukubona okufiphele kokubili kwezinto ezikude neziseduze.Iziguli zivame ukuba nomkhuba wokuvala amajwabu amehlo azo bese zigqolozela izikhala ukuze zibone izinto ngokucacile.kucace kakhudlwana.
4. Ukulahleka kombono: Emehlweni e-astigmatic, okuqondiwe okubonakalayo ohlangothini olukude nomugqa ogxilile we-retina kuzoba umbala okhanyayo, amaphethelo azofiphala, futhi kuzoba nzima ukukukhomba.Umbono uzokwehla, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, umbono ophindwe kabili uzokwenzeka.Ngaphezu kwe-astigmatism ye-physiological, zonke izinhlobo ze-astigmatism zingabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono kalula.
5. Ukucindezela esweni: I-astigmatism ivame ukulungiswa ngezibuko ezijwayelekile noma amalensi okuxhumana.Uma ukuhlukumezeka kanye nama-chalazion kumajwabu amehlo engelashwa ngesikhathi, azocindezela i-eyeball isikhathi eside futhi abangele i-astigmatism.Kwezinye izimo, i-astigmatism ingabuye ihlanganiswe ne-pseudomyopia.Qaphela ukuthi ingxenye ye-pseudomyopia idinga ukususwa, futhi i-astigmatism ingalungiswa ngezibuko.
6. I-Amblyopia: Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu ku-astigmatism ephezulu, ikakhulukazi i-hyperopic astigmatism.Ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ukubona kude naseduze ngokucacile, futhi umbono awukwazi ukusetshenziswa, i-amblyopia ijwayele ukwenzeka, bese i-strabismus ivame ukwenzeka.
Izibuko ze-astigmatic kakhulu
Kunzima ukwenza ama-lens astigmatic ngenxa yamandla awo ajulile.Ngakho-ke, i-astigmatism ephezulu ingafakwa ngokujwayelekile ngamalensi e-refractive index resin kanye nemiklamo ye-aspherical, ukuze angabonakali aminyene kakhulu.Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-lens ane-astigmatism ephezulu ngokuvamile awuchungechunge lwamalensi enziwe ngokwezifiso.Lapho i-astigmatism iphakeme, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukwenza ngokwezifiso, futhi imingcele eyinkimbinkimbi idinga ukuklanywa.Nge-astigmatism ephezulu kakhulu, amapharamitha ozimele nawo adinga ukuhlinzekwa ukuze asize ngomklamo wamalensi.
Lapho ukhetha amafreyimu, udinga futhi ukucabangela izici ezikhethekile ze-astigmatism ephezulu kakhulu.Njengoba ubukhulu bonqenqema bamalensi e-astigmatism buhluka kakhulu, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu lapho ukhetha amafreyimu.Khetha i-titanium emsulwa noma amafreyimu we-titanium alloy anobubanzi obuncane obuphambanayo nokuqina kwento eqinile.Ungaphinda ukhethe i-acetate fiber noma amapuleti ozimele anokuncipha okuhle.linda.
Akufanelekile ukukhetha amafreyimu angenafreyimu noma anohlaka.Kungcono ukukhetha amafreyimu anozimele ogcwele.Lapho ucubungula futhi ukhiqiza, naka ngokukhethekile inkinga yokuchezuka kwelensi eshintsha i-astigmatism axis yelensi ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obungebuhle bokufaneleka kanye nemishini engaguquki.
Ungakhetha kanjani ozimele be-astigmatic kakhulu:
A. Nikeza kuqala ezintweni ezingasindi
Isisindo sempahla yefreyimu ingenye yezinto ezithinta isisindo sezibuko.Kubantu abane-myopia ephezulu, lapho ukhetha ozimele, unganaka kakhulu izinto ezifana ne-titanium emsulwa, i-tungsten carbon, amashidi amancane, ne-TR90.Amafreyimu enziwe ngalezi zinto ngokuvamile alula futhi kulula ukuwagqoka.Ikhululekile kakhulu, ihlala isikhathi eside futhi ayikhubazeki kalula.
B.Uhlaka olugcwele>Uhlaka oluyingxenye>Uhlaka olungenazimele
I-astigmatism ephezulu ngokuvamile inamalensi aminyene, futhi amafreyimu angenarimu futhi angenarimless azoveza amalensi, angagcini nje ngokuthinta ukubukeka, kodwa futhi enza amafreyimu agugeke kalula, abangele izinguquko ebangeni elimaphakathi lezingilazi kanye ne-astigmatism axis ye-astigmatism. amalensi, athinta umphumela wokulungisa.Abantu abane-astigmatism ephezulu bangcono ekukhetheni amafreyimu anozimele ogcwele.
C. Uhlaka olukhulu aluyona inketho enhle
Abantu abagqoka izibuko zohlaka olukhulu isikhathi eside bangase babe nombono onciphile kanye nenkundla yokubona ewumngcingo.Ukuzigqoka isikhathi eside kungase kubangele isiyezi kanye nesiyezi.Izibuko zohlaka olukhulu ngokuvamile ziyasinda futhi azibafanele abantu abane-myopia ephezulu.Ukuzigqoka isikhathi eside kuzobeka ukucindezela okukhulu ekhaleni, okungase kuholele kalula ekuguquguqukeni kwebhuloho lekhala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kunemingcele eminingi ebalulekile ye-Optometry nezingilazi, njenge-diopter kanye nebanga le-interpupillary.Uma ugqoke izibuko zohlaka olukhulu, kufanele unake ngokukhethekile ukuthi ibanga elihambisana nendawo ephakathi kwamalensi amabili lihambisana nebanga lokuma komtwana weso lakho.Uma kukhona ukuphambuka, ngisho noma incwadi yezibuko ilungile, uzozizwa ungakhululekile ngemva kokugqoka izibuko.Zama ukukhetha ifreyimu enobubanzi obuncane besibuko, bese uzama ukugcina ukuphakama okungaphezulu nokuphansi kuncane, ukuze induduzo ingancishiswa ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-peripheral.
D. Khetha uhlaka olunebanga elisondele kakhulu phakathi kwezibuko zamehlo.
Ibanga leso neso libhekisela ebangeni eliphakathi kwe-vertex yangemuva ye-lens kanye ne-vertex yangaphambili ye-cornea.Amalensi okulungisa i-astigmatism amalensi angamacylindrical.Uma ibanga leso neso likhuphuka, amandla okuvuselela asebenzayo azokwehla (izinga eliphezulu, ukunciphisa okukhulu), futhi umbono olungisiwe uzokwehla.nqaba.Ibanga phakathi kwezibuko zezibuko ze-astigmatic kakhulu kufanele libe lincane ngangokunokwenzeka.Mayelana nokukhethwa kwesitayela sohlaka kanye nokulungiswa kohlaka, kufanele uzame ukukhetha ama-pads noma amalensi anebanga eliseduze phakathi kwezibuko zamehlo.
E. Ungakhethi amafreyimu anamathempeli azacile kakhulu
Uma amathempeli emancane kakhulu, amandla angaphambili nangemuva kohlaka azobe engalingani, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ifreyimu ibe nzima kakhulu futhi ibeke isisindo esiningi ebhulohweni lekhala, okubangele ukuthi izibuko zishelele. phansi kalula futhi kuthinte induduzo egqoke.Uma une-astigmatism (ikakhulukazi labo abane-astigmatism emaphakathi kuya phezulu), lapho ukhetha izibuko, kufanele ukhethe amafreyimu afanele ibanga le-interpupillary.
Umthelela we-astigmatism axis position ezingilazini
Ububanzi be-astigmatism axis yi-1-180 degrees.Ngizogxila ekukhethweni kozimele bembazo ye-astigmatism engu-180 no-90.
Okokuqala sidinga ukwazi ukuthi i-astigmatism axis iku-180 °, khona-ke ubukhulu buba ngu-90 ° (isiqondiso esiqondile).Ngakho-ke, ukuphakama kohlaka lohlaka esilukhethayo akumele kube phezulu.Uma sikhetha ifreyimu enohlaka oluphansi, ukujiya kokuqondisa okuqondile kuzoguga, futhi amalensi azoba umphumela ngokwemvelo abe lula futhi abe mncane.(Uma ifreyimu iphakeme, izoba yindilinga ngokwemvelo; uma ifreyimu iphansi, izoba nesikwele ngokwemvelo.)
Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma isikhundla se-eksisi singama-90, ubukhulu buzoba ngu-180 (isiqondiso esivundlile).Ngokuvamile ingxenye yethu ewugqinsi ingaphandle, futhi ubukhulu be-astigmatism yengezwe ngaphandle, ngakho ubukhulu buyihaba.Ngakho-ke, uhlaka kumele lube luncane futhi lube luncane, okungukuthi, uma isamba sobubanzi belensi + nobubanzi be-centre beam sisondela ebangeni lakho le-interpupillary, liyoba mncane kakhulu.Kudingekile ukukhetha ilensi yenkomba ephakeme ukuze wenze ubukhulu bungabonakali.
Ekufakweni kwezibuko, "induduzo" kanye "nokucaca" kuvame ukuphikisana futhi kunzima ukuvumelanisa.Lokhu kuphikisana kubonakala nakakhulu ezingilazini ezine-astigmatism.Ukucacisa kudinga ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, kodwa ukunethezeka akusho ukucaca.Isibonelo, ukungagqoki izibuko yiyona ntofontofo kakhulu, kodwa akucaci kahle.
Izibuko ezine-astigmatism ephezulu zizwela kakhulu futhi zidinga ukucatshangelwa okunembe kakhudlwana ku-Optometry kanye nencwadi kadokotela.Lapho uhlangabezana ne-astigmatism ephezulu, kufanele unake ukufaniswa kwefreyimu/ilensi nedigri ye-astigmatism nendawo ye-eksisi ukuze ugweme izikhalazo zamakhasimende kanye nokungakhululeki ngenxa yezinkinga zomkhiqizo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-17-2023