Ukubona kuhlanganisa izici eziningi, njengokuhlakazeka kokubukwayo, ukubona kombala, ukubona kwe-stereoscopic, nokubona kwefomu.Njengamanje, amalensi ahlukene angagxilile asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukulungiswa kwe-myopia ezinganeni nasebancane, adinga ukuphindwa okunembile.Kulolu shicilelo, sizokwethula kafushane ukunemba kokulungiswa kwe-myopia ezinganeni nasentsheni, sigxile ezingeni eliphansi lokubona okungcono kakhulu emuthini we-refractive ukuze usisize sikhethe okufanele.opticalamalensi.
Idigri encane yokubona kahle kakhulu idinga ukuhlaziywa ngokucophelela ukuze kutholwe ukuthi kufaneleka nini ukulungisa umbono ube ngu-1.5 nokuthi kufaneleka nini ukulungisa umbono ongaphansi kuka-1.5.Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqonda ukuthi iziphi izimo ezidinga ukuphindwa kabusha okunembile nokuthi yiziphi izimo ezingabekezelela ukulungiswa okungafanelekile.Incazelo yombono omuhle kakhulu kufanele futhi icaciswe.
Ukuchaza indlela yokunquma amazinga okubona kahle
Ngokuvamile, lapho abantu bekhuluma nge-acuity ebonakalayo, babhekisela embonweni wefomu, okuyikhono lamehlo lokuhlukanisa izinto zangaphandle.Emisebenzini yomtholampilo, ukuqonda okubonakalayo kuhlolwa ngokuyinhloko kusetshenziswa ishadi le-visual acuity.Esikhathini esedlule, amashadi ayinhloko ayesetshenziswa kwakuyishadi lezinga lamazwe ngamazwe lokubonisa ukuqonda kahle kwengqondo noma ishadi ledesimali elibonakalayo.Okwamanje, ishadi le-logarithmic visual acuity livame ukusetshenziswa, kuyilapho ubungcweti obuthile obukhethekile bungase zidinge ishadi lekhono lokubona lohlobo C.Kungakhathalekile ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lweshadi olusetshenzisiwe, ukuqonda kokubukwayo kuvame ukuhlolwa ukusuka ku-0.1 kuye ku-1.5, ngeshadi le-logarithmic visual acuity elisuka ku-0.1 ukuya ku-2.0.
Uma iso likwazi ukubona kufika ku-1.0, libhekwa njenge-acuity evamile yokubona.Nakuba abantu abaningi bengabona kufika ku-1.0, kukhona iphesenti elincane labantu abangadlula leli zinga.Inani elincane kakhulu labantu lingakwazi ngisho nokubona ngokucacile njengo-2.0, ngocwaningo emalabhorethri lusikisela ukuthi ukuqonda okungcono kakhulu kokubona kungase kufinyelele ku-3.0.Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ngokuvamile kubheka i-1.0 njengento evamile yokubona kahle, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umbono ovamile.
1 Ibanga lokulinganisa
'Ishadi elijwayelekile le-Logarithmic Visual Acuity' libeka ukuthi ibanga lokuhlolwa lingamamitha angu-5.
2 Indawo yokuhlola
Ishadi lokubona kahle kufanele lilengiswe endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle, ubude balo buqondaniswe ukuze umugqa obhalwe '0' eshadini ube sezingeni elifanayo namehlo ohlolwayo.Ohlolwayo kufanele abekwe endaweni engamamitha angu-5 ukusuka eshadini, ebheke kude nomthombo wokukhanya ukuze agweme ukukhanya okuqondile okungena emehlweni.
3 Indlela Yokukala
Iso ngalinye kufanele lihlolwe ngokwehlukana, kuqalwe ngeso langakwesokudla lilandelwe ngelesobunxele.Lapho kuhlolwa iso elilodwa, elinye iso kufanele limbozwe nge-opaque impahla ngaphandle kokufaka ingcindezi.Uma umhloli ekwazi ukufunda kuze kufike emgqeni wesi-6 ngokucacile, kubhalwe ukuthi 4.6 (0.4);uma bekwazi ukufunda umugqa wesi-7 ngokucacile, uqoshwa njengo-4.7 (0.5), njalonjalo.
Umugqa omncane we-acuity obonakalayo umhloli angawubona kufanele uqashelwe (ikhono lokubona lohlolwayo liqinisekiswa ukuze lifinyelele lelo nani lapho inani elikhonjwe kahle lama-optotype lidlula ingxenye yenani lengqikithi yama-optotypes kumugqa ohambisanayo).Inani lalowo mugqa lirekhodwa njengokubona kwalelo hlo.
Uma umhloli engakwazi ukubona ngokucacile uhlamvu 'E' emgqeni wokuqala weshadi ngeso elilodwa, kufanele acelwe ukuthi aqhubekele phambili aze abone kahle.Uma bekwazi ukukubona ngokucacile kumamitha angu-4, ukuqonda kwabo okubonakalayo ku-0.08;kumamitha angu-3, ngu-0.06;kumamitha angu-2, kungu-0.04;kumitha engu-1, kungu-0.02.I-acuity yeso elilodwa lokubuka engu-5.0 (1.0) noma ngaphezulu ibhekwa njenge-acuity evamile yokubona.
4 Iminyaka Yomhloli
Ngokuvamile, ukuthuthukiswa kweso lomuntu kuqhubekela phambili kusukela ekuboneni kude kuya emmetropia bese kuya ekuboneni eduze.Ngezindawo zokuhlala ezijwayelekile, ukuthambekela kokubona okungalungiswanga kwengane kucishe kube ngu-0.5 lapho ineminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala, icishe ibe ngu-0.6 lapho ineminyaka engu-6 ubudala, icishe ibe ngu-0.7 lapho ineminyaka engu-7 ubudala, futhi icishe ibe ngu-0.8 lapho ineminyaka engu-8 ubudala.Nokho, isimo seso somntwana ngamunye siyahlukahluka, futhi izibalo kufanele zenziwe kuye ngokuhluka komuntu ngamunye.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-acuity yeso elilodwa ye-5.0 (1.0) noma ngaphezulu ibhekwa njengokujwayelekile okubukwayo.Ikhono lokubona elivamile alimeleli ukubona okuhle kakhulu kohlolwayo.
Izidingo Ezihlukile Ze-Refractive Eminyakeni Ehlukene
1 Intsha (iminyaka engu-6-18 ubudala)
Isazi sishilo, "Ukungaqondi kahle kungaholela kalula ekwandeni kwe-diopter. Ngakho-ke, intsha kufanele ibe nokulungiswa okufanele."
Odokotela bamehlo abaningi babevame ukuhlinzeka ngemiyalelo ephansi kancane, eyaziwa ngokuthi ukungalungiswa kahle, lapho benza izivivinyo zamehlo zezingane ezine-myopic nentsha.Babekholelwa ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nemiyalelo egcwele yokuqondisa izigwegwe, izincwadi zokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe zamukelwa kalula kubazali, njengoba abazali babemanqikanqika ukuba izingane zabo zigqoke izibuko ezinamandla, besaba ukuthi i-diopter izokhula ngokushesha, futhi bekhathazekile ngokuthi izibuko zaziyoba isidingo saphakade. .Odokotela bamehlo baphinde bacabanga ukuthi ukugqoka izibuko ezingalungiswanga kahle kungabambezela ukuqhubeka kwe-myopia.
Ukulungiswa okungaphansi kwe-myopia kubhekisela ekugqokeni izibuko ezinencwadi kadokotela ephansi kunokuvamile, okuholela ekulungisweni kokubona kahle okungaphansi kwezinga elivamile elingu-1.0 (kuyilapho kungafinyeleli amazinga alungile okubona kahle kokubona).Umsebenzi obonakalayo we-binocular wezingane kanye nentsha usesigabeni esingazinzile futhi umbono ocacile uyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe ukuthuthukiswa okuzinzile komsebenzi wabo wombono we-binocular.
Ukugqoka izibuko ezingalungiswanga kahle akuvimbi nje kuphela ikhono lokubona izinto ngokucacile ezinganeni nasebancane kodwa futhi kuvimbela ukukhula okunempilo kokubona.Uma ubuka eduze kwezinto, kusetshenziswa indawo yokuhlala encane namandla okuhlangana kunokuvamile, okuholela ekwehleni kokubonwayo kwe-binocular ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okubangela ukukhathala okubukwayo, futhi kusheshise ukuqhubeka kwe-myopia.
Izingane azidingi nje kuphela ukugqoka izibuko ezilungiswe kahle kodwa futhi, uma ukusebenza kwazo kokubona kungalungile, zingase zidinge ukuqeqeshwa kokubona ukuze zithuthukise ikhono lazo lokugxila ukuze zidambise ukukhathala kwamehlo futhi zibambezele ukuqhubeka kwe-myopia ebangelwa ukugxila okungavamile.Lokhu kusiza izingane zithole ikhwalithi yokubukwa ecacile, enethezekile, futhi eqhubekayo.
Abantu abadala abangu-2 (iminyaka engu-19-40 ubudala)
Ngokombono, amazinga e-myopia kuleli qembu lobudala azinzile, anezinga lokuqhubeka kancane.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezimo zemvelo, abantu abachitha isikhathi eside besebenzisa izinto zikagesi bathambekele ekuqhubekiseni phambili amazinga abo e-myopia.Empeleni, incwadi kadokotela edingekayo ephansi kakhulu ukuze kuzuzwe umbono ofanele kufanele kube ukucatshangelwa okuyinhloko, kodwa ukulungiswa kungenziwa ngokusekelwe ekunethezekeni kwekhasimende kanye nezidingo ezibonakalayo.
Amaphuzu Okufanele Uwaqaphele:
(1) Uma ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwe-diopter kubonakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamehlo, ukwanda kokuqala kwemithi kadokotela akufanele kudlule -1.00D.Naka izimpawu zokungaphatheki kahle njengokuhamba, ukuhlanekezela kwendawo engaphansi, isiyezi, ukucaca kokubona eduze, ubuhlungu beso, ukuhlanekezela kwezikrini zemishini kagesi, njll. Uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka ngemva kokugqoka izibuko imizuzu emi-5, cabanga ukunciphisa incwadi kadokotela kuze kube ikhululekile.
(2) Kubantu abanemisebenzi edingeka kakhulu njengokushayela noma ukubuka izethulo, futhi uma ikhasimende likhululekile ngokulungiswa okugcwele, kuyalulekwa ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa okufanele.Uma kuvame ukusetshenziswa eduze eduze kwezinto zikagesi, cabanga ukusebenzisa amalensi edijithali.
(3) Ezimeni zokuwohloka kungazelelwe kwe-myopia, khumbula amathuba okuba khona kwe-accommodative spasm (pseudo-myopia).Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamehlo, qinisekisa incwadi kadokotela edingekayo ephansi kakhulu ukuze uthole ukucutshungulwa kahle kombono kuwo womabili amehlo, ugweme ukulungiswa ngokweqile.Uma kunezinkinga ezinobuhlakani obungalungisiwe obungalungisiwe noma obungazinzile, cabanga ngokwenza uhlolo olufanele lomsebenzi wokubukwayo."
3 Abantu Asebekhulile (abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu)
Ngenxa yokuncipha kwekhono leso lokuhlala, leli qembu lobudala livamise ukuba ne-presbyopia.Ngaphandle kokugxila kumyalelo kadokotela wokubona kude, kubalulekile ukunaka ngokukhethekile ukulungiswa kombono oseduze lapho unikeza izibuko zaleli qembu lobudala futhi ucabangele ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwekhasimende ezinguqukweni zencwadi kadokotela.
Amaphuzu Okufanele Uwaqaphele:
(1) Uma abantu benomuzwa wokuthi imithi yabo yamanje ayanele futhi benesidingo esiphezulu sokubona kude, ngemva kokuqinisekisa incwadi kadokotela yokubona kude, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukubona eduze.Uma kunezimpawu zokukhathala okubukwayo noma ukwehla kokubona eduze ngenxa yokuncipha kwekhono lendawo yokuhlala, cabanga ukunikeza amalensi ama-multifocal aqhubekayo.
(2) Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuphansi kuleli qembu lobudala.Qinisekisa ukuthi ukwenyuka ngakunye kwencwadi kadokotela yokubona eduze akudluli -1.00D.Uma ukungakhululeki kuqhubeka ngemva kokugqoka izibuko imizuzu emi-5, cabanga ukunciphisa incwadi kadokotela kuze kube yilapho isinethezekile.
(3) Kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala, kungase kube namazinga ahlukahlukene olwelwesi lwamehlo olukhona.Uma kukhona ukuchezuka ku-acuity yokubona elungisiwe (<0.5), sola ukuthi kungenzeka kube khona ungwengwezi ekhasimendeni.Ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe esibhedlela kuyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe ithonya lezifo ze-ophthalmic.
Umthelela Womsebenzi Wombono We-Binocular
Siyazi ukuthi imiphumela etholwe ekuhlolweni kwamehlo ibonisa isimo sokungaboni ngaso linye kwamehlo ngaleso sikhathi, ngokuvamile okuqinisekisa ukubona okucacile ebangeni lokuhlola.Emisebenzini evamile yansuku zonke, lapho sidinga ukubona izinto ezikude, sidinga ukulungiswa kanye ne-convergence-divergence (ukubandakanyeka komsebenzi wombono we-binocular).Ngisho nangamandla afanayo aphikisayo, izifunda ezihlukene zomsebenzi wombono we-binocular zidinga izindlela ezihlukene zokulungisa.
Singenza kube lula ukungahambi kahle kombono we-binocular kube izigaba ezintathu:
1 Ukuchezuka kwe-Ocular - Exophoria
Ukungajwayelekile okuhambisanayo emsebenzini wokubona kwe-binocular kungase kufake: ukuhlangana okunganele, ukwehlukana okukhulu, kanye ne-exophoria elula.
Umgomo wezimo ezinjalo ukusebenzisa ukulungisa okwanele kanye nokukuhambisana nokuqeqeshwa okubonakalayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono lokuhlangana kwawo womabili amehlo kanye nokunciphisa ukukhathala okubukwayo okubangelwa ukungaboni kahle kwe-binocular.
2 Ukuchezuka kwe-Ocular - Esophoria
Ukungajwayelekile okuhambisanayo emsebenzini wokubona kwe-binocular kungase kuhlanganise: ukuhlangana okweqile, ukuhlukana okunganele, kanye ne-esophoria elula.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, umgomo uwukucabangela ukungalungiswa kahle kuyilapho uqinisekisa ukubona okwanele.Uma imisebenzi yombono oseduze ivamile, amalensi edijithali angasetshenziswa.Ukwengeza, ukuhambisana nokuqeqeshwa okubonakalayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono lokuhlukana kwawo womabili amehlo kungasiza ekudambiseni ukukhathala okubukwayo okubangelwa ukungaboni kahle kwe-binocular.
3 Okudidayo kwendawo yokuhlala
Ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa: Indawo yokuhlala enganele, indawo yokuhlala eyeqile, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezindawo zokuhlala.
1 Indawo yokuhlala enganele
Uma kuyi-myopia, gwema ukulungiswa ngokweqile, beka phambili ukunethezeka, futhi ucabangele ukungalungi kahle ngokusekelwe esimweni sokugqoka isilingo;uma kuyi-hyperopia, zama ukulungisa ngokugcwele incwadi kadokotela ye-hyperopic ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukucaca.
2 Indawo yokuhlala eyeqile
Nge-myopia, uma ilensi eyindilinga ephansi kakhulu engaboni kahle ingakwazi ukubekezelelwa, cabangela ukungalungiswa kahle, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala abenza umsebenzi oseduze isikhathi eside.Uma kuyi-hyperopia, zama ukulungisa ngokugcwele incwadi kadokotela ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukucaca.
3 Ukungasebenzi Kwezindawo Zokulala
Nge-myopia, uma ilensi eyindilinga enegethivu ephansi kakhulu yokubona kahle ingakwazi ukubekezelelwa, cabangela ukungalungiswa kahle.Uma kuyi-hyperopia, zama ukulungisa ngokugcwele incwadi kadokotela ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukucaca.
Ekuphetheni
Wuma kuziwa ezimisweni ze-Optometric, kudingeka sicabangele uhla olubanzi lwezinto.Ngenkathi sicabangela iminyaka yobudala, kufanele futhi sicabangele umsebenzi wombono we-binocular.Yiqiniso, kunezimo ezikhethekile ezifana ne-strabismus, i-amblyopia, ne-refractive anisometropia edinga ukucatshangelwa okuhlukile.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene, ukuzuza umbono ongcono kakhulu kubekela inselele amakhono obuchwepheshe awo wonke udokotela wamehlo.Sikholelwa ukuthi ngokuqhubeka nokufunda, wonke udokotela wamehlo angahlola ngokuphelele futhi anikeze idatha enembile kadokotela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-04-2024